1	Ethics & the Work of NGOs/FBOs in Developing Countries Joseline M. Bruce (BSc) Presented at Faith-Based Organizations as Pioneers and Partners in Health Systems Development, May 31, 2005, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington DC
2	Introduction Helping those in need cuts across all religions A challenge of scarce resources Need to maximize Utility Not to avoid paternalistic in our zeal
3	Case 1 – Local Front Community ‘A’ in Africa in dire need of good source of drinking water NGO drills a bore hole Inhabitants of community did use borehole Why? …built on football park
4	Ethical Issues Was the decision paternalistic? Was utility maximized? Can the resources channeled into this project be justified in the face of scarce resources?
5	Case 2 – Local Front Community ‘B’ is in a rural setting No public toilet facilities nor in their homes Resorted to using the bush NGO builds public toilet facilities Community refuse Facilities become a white elephant
6	Ethical Issues Paternalism on the part of the NGO? Was utility maximized and the greater good achieved? Can the scarce resources invested in the project be justified?
7	Case 3 – Global Front Globally, HIV/AIDS = highest number of deaths by any single infectious disease E. g in an Eastern African country : 20.4% ; perinatal & maternal related conditions 15.4% ; malaria 10.5% ; acute lower respiratory disease 9.1% ; AIDS
8	Case 3 However: Maternal & Perinatal related deaths twice AIDS related deaths A lot of donor funds to this country going to HIV/AIDS related activities
9	Ethical Issues Paternalism? Maximization of utility? Can allocation of scarce resources be justified?
10	…In Conclusion To maximize Utility, there is need for: Dialogue with communities Dialogue between countries and donor agencies Less paternalistic approach
11	THANK YOU