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HIV Prevention and Health Behavior Resource Library
Research and Technical Resources
ABC Approach to HIV Prevention (Abstain, Be faithful, use Condoms)
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Why is HIV Prevalence So Severe in (Southern) Africa? and “What Works” (and Doesn’t) for AIDS Prevention? With a focus on “ABC”... (click here for free access at www.maqweb.org) |
| Author |
Daniel Halperin, USAID |
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| Publication Date |
July 19, 2006 |
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| Title |
Can Fear Arousal in Public Health Campaigns Contribute to the Decline of HIV Prevalence? |
| Author |
Edward C. Green, Kim Witte |
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Journal of Health Communication, 11:245–259, 2006 |
| Publication Date |
2006 |
| Abstract |
Most American health professionals who work in HIV/AIDS do not support the use of fear arousal in AIDS preventive education, believing it to be counterproductive. Meanwhile, many Africans, whether laypersons, health professionals, or politicians, seem to believe there is a legitimate role for fear arousal in changing sexual behavior. This African view is the one more supported by the empirical evidence, which suggests that the use of fear arousal in public health campaigns often works in promoting behavior change, when combined with self-efficacy. The authors provide overviews of the prevailing American expert view, African national views, and the most recent findings on the use of fear arousal in behavior change campaigns. Their analysis suggests that American, post-sexual-revolution values and beliefs may underlie rejection of fear arousal strategies, whereas a pragmatic realism based on personal experience underlies
Africans’ acceptance of and use of the same strategies in AIDS prevention campaigns. |
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Sexual Transmission of HIV and the ABC Approach to Prevention (click here for free access at www.state.gov) |
| Author |
Mark Dybul |
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Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) |
| Publication Date |
Dec 2005 |
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| Title |
The ABCs of AIDS Prevention: What's the Controversy? (Presentation at CCIH Annual Conference 2005) (PDF, 135 KB) |
| Author |
Henry Mosley |
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n/a |
| Publication Date |
30 May 2005 |
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ABC: Expanding Prevention Models to Generalized Epidemics (PDF, 3.7 MB) |
| Author |
Edward C. Green |
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| Publication Date |
24 May 2005 |
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A prediction on ABC and HIV (Rapid Response to Abstinence programmes do not reduce HIV prevalence in Uganda, Bob Roehr, British Medical Journal, vol. 330, 2005) |
| Author |
Trevor G. Stammers |
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British Medical Journal |
| Publication Date |
7 March 2005 |
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Partner Reduction Remains the Predominant Explanation (Rapid Response to Abstinence programmes do not reduce HIV prevalence in Uganda, Bob Roehr, British Medical Journal, vol. 330, 2005) |
| Author |
James D. Shelton |
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British Medical Journal |
| Publication Date |
8 March 2005 |
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| Title |
Declining HIV in Uganda Cannot be Explained by Mortality or Condoms (Rapid Response to Abstinence programmes do not reduce HIV prevalence in Uganda, Bob Roehr, British Medical Journal, vol. 330, 2005) |
| Author |
W. Henry Mosley |
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British Medical Journal |
| Publication Date |
9 March 2005 |
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Rakai study does not invalidate the ABC model (Rapid Response to Abstinence programmes do not reduce HIV prevalence in Uganda, Bob Roehr, British Medical Journal, vol. 330, 2005) |
| Author |
Edward C. Green |
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British Medical Journal |
| Publication Date |
9 March 2005 |
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The time has come for common ground on preventing sexual transmission of HIV (click here for free access at www.thelancet.com; registration required) |
| Author |
Daniel T Halperin, Markus J Steiner, Michael M Cassell, Edward C Green, Norman Hearst, Douglas Kirby, Helene D Gayle, Willard Cates |
| Publisher |
The Lancet, Volume 364, Issue 9449, pp. 1913-1915 |
| Publication Date |
27 Nov 2004 |
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ABC: a natural, indigenous response to AIDS (Presentation at the XV International AIDS Conference, Special USAID Satellite Session, Bangkok, Thailand, 11 July 2004) (PPT, 81 KB)
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| Author |
Edward C. Green |
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n/a |
| Publication Date |
11 July 2004 |
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Evidence That Demands Action: Comparing Risk Avoidance and Risk Reduction Strategies for HIV Prevention (PDF, 1540 KB) |
| Author |
Edward C. Green, Rand L. Stoneburner, Daniel Low-Beer, Norman Hearst, Sanny Chen (Patricia Thickstun and Kate Hendricks, Editors) |
| Publisher |
Medical Institute for Sexual Health |
| Publication Date |
2004 |
| Abstract |
The Medical Institute for Sexual Health hosted a briefing for the Honorable Randall Tobias, Global AIDS Coordinator, Department of State, in Washington, DC on January 8, 2004. In this briefing, entitled “Scientific Evidence for ABC: Addressing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic,” three world-renowned AIDS researchers-- Edward C. Green, PhD; Rand Stoneburner, MD, MPH; and Norm Hearst, MD, MPH-- presented evidence on the effectiveness of several HIV prevention strategies, including the “ABC” model developed in Uganda. ABC stands for Abstain, Be faithful, or use Condoms if A and B are not practiced. All three presenters compared the ABC intervention to those based on condom promotion and distribution. Their findings have been adapted and are now available in a scientific monograph published by The Medical Institute – Evidence That Demands Action: Comparing Risk Avoidance and Risk Reduction Strategies for HIV Prevention (www.medinstitute.org). This monograph provides compelling evidence for the value of HIV prevention strategies based primarily on risk avoidance and secondarily on risk reduction for the areas of the world most severely affected by the HIV pandemic. |
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Literature review and preliminary analysis of "ABC" factors in six developing countries (PDF, 738 KB) |
| Author |
Edward C. Green, Vinand Nantulya, Yaa Oppong |
| Publisher |
Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies |
| Publication Date |
2004 |
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This report of a USAID-funded study synthesizes the evidence of what seems to have occurred in countries showing declining trends of HIV infection compared to the experience of those countries showing no decline. This report also describes and analyzes, in a preliminary way, the extent to which primary prevention behaviors (Abstinence/delay of sexual onset, Being faithful/partner reduction, or Condom use) may have affected fertility in countries that have experienced a significant decline in HIV prevalence compared to countries that have not. The review is not a formal meta-analysis but rather a preliminary review based on published and unpublished reports, and on both survey and qualitative evidence. Six countries chosen by USAID were included in the study—three showing some success in HIV prevalence reduction (Uganda, Thailand, Zambia) and three that have not (Cameroon, Kenya, Zimbabwe). |
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Case Studies of ABC: Models for the Implementation of Abstinence and Faithfulness Behavior Change Programs (PDF, 937 KB) |
| Author |
Edward C. Green |
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| Publication Date |
2003 |
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Sexual Behavior, HIV and Fertility Trends: A Comparative Analysis of Six Countries: Phase 1 of the ABC study (click here for free access at www.cpc.unc.edu) |
| Author |
Ruth Bessinger, Priscilla Akwara, Daniel Halperin |
| Publisher |
USAID and MEASURE Evaluation |
| Publication Date |
2003 |
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Report of a USAID Technical Meeting On Behavior Change Approaches To Primary Prevention of HIV/AIDS (click here for free access at www.usaid.gov) |
| Author |
USAID |
| Publisher |
USAID |
| Publication Date |
17 Sept 2002 |
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