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| Title |
Uganda's HIV Prevention Success: The Role of Sexual Behavior Change and the National Response |
| Author |
Edward C. Green, Daniel T. Halperin, Vinand Nantulya and Janice A. Hogle |
| Publisher |
AIDS and Behavior, volume 10, number 4 |
| Publication Date |
July 2006 |
| Abstract |
There has been considerable interest in understanding what may have led to Uganda's dramatic decline in HIV prevalence, one of the world's earliest and most compelling AIDS prevention successes. Survey and other data suggest that a decline in multi-partner sexual behavior is the behavioral change most likely associated with HIV decline. It appears that behavior change programs, particularly involving extensive promotion of “zero grazing” (faithfulness and partner reduction), largely developed by the Ugandan government and local NGOs including faith-based, women’s, people-living-with-AIDS and other community-based groups, contributed to the early declines in casual/multiple sexual partnerships and HIV incidence and, along with other factors including condom use, to the subsequent sharp decline in HIV prevalence. Yet the debate over “what happened in Uganda” continues, often involving divisive abstinence-versus-condoms rhetoric, which appears more related to the culture wars in the USA than to African social reality. |
| Keywords |
HIV/AIDS prevention, Africa, behavior change, ABC, partner reduction, multi-sectoral response |
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| Title |
Revisiting the ABC strategy: HIV Prevention in Uganda in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy (click here for paid access at www.pmj.bmjjournals.com) |
| Author |
Okware S, Kinsman J, Onyango S, Opio A, Kaggwa P |
| Publisher |
Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 81, pp. 625-628 |
| Publication Date |
2005 |
| Abstract |
The ABC strategy is credited for bringing the HIV/AIDS epidemic under control in Uganda. By promoting abstinence, being faithful, and condom use, safe(r) behaviours have been identified that are applicable to people in different circumstances. However, scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy in the country raised concerns that HIV prevention messages targeting the uninfected population are not taking sufficient account of inherent complexities. Furthermore, there is debate in the country over relative importance of abstinence in reduction of HIV incidence as well as over the morality and effectiveness of condoms. The purpose of this paper is to examine each component of ABC in light of current developments. It is argued that there is still a strong justification for condom use to complement abstinence and being faithful. There is an urgent need to update and relaunch Uganda’s ABC strategy—its three elements are complementary, synergistic, and inseparable in the national HIV prevention programme. |
| Keywords |
ABC policy; HIV prevention; antiretroviral therapy; Ugand |
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| Title |
Population-Level HIV Declines and Behavioral Risk Avoidance in Uganda (click here for paid access at www.sciencemag.org) |
| Author |
Rand L. Stoneburner and Daniel Low-Beer |
| Publisher |
Science, vol. 304. no. 5671, pp. 714 - 718 |
| Publication Date |
30 April 2004 |
| Abstract |
Uganda provides the clearest example that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is preventable if populations are mobilized to avoid risk. Despite limited resources, Uganda has shown a 70% decline in HIV prevalence since the early 1990s, linked to a 60% reduction in casual sex. The response in Uganda appears to be distinctively associated with communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through social networks. Despite substantial condom use and promotion of biomedical approaches, other African countries have shown neither similar behavioral responses nor HIV prevalence declines of the same scale. The Ugandan success is equivalent to a vaccine of 80% effectiveness. Its replication will require changes in global HIV/AIDS intervention policies and their evaluation. |
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| Title |
What happened in Uganda? Declining HIV prevalence, behavior change, and the national response (click here for free access at www.usaid.gov) |
| Author |
Janice Hogle, Edward Green, Vinand Nantulya, Rand Stoneburner, John Stover |
| Publisher |
USAID |
| Publication Date |
2002 |
| Abstract |
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| Title |
Open Secret: People facing up to HIV and AIDS in Uganda (PDF, 3.2 MB) |
| Author |
Noerine Kaleeba, Joyce Namulondo Kadowe, Daniel Kalinaki and Glen Williams |
| Publisher |
Action Aid (Strategies for Hope series) |
| Publication Date |
2000 |
| Abstract |
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